Criblage phytochimique et effet antibactérien des extraits phénoliques de deux Cupressus méditerranéens

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Auteurs: Hoceme DEGAÏCHIA, Noussaiba MOUALHI, Meriam BENHAMADI, Atika BENRIMA

The objective of our research is to identify the chemical components and evaluate in vitro, the antibacterial activity of the extracts fromthe leaves of Cupressus sempervirensL. and Cupressus arizonicaL. from northern Algeria against Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 9027. The extraction was carried out by macerating the leaves in solvents of increasing polarity (chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous methanol). A screening of the phenolic compounds was carried out or a qualitative characterization of the different extracts. The extracts obtained were put in contact with a strain of P. aeruginosato determine their antibacterial potential. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites: leucoanthocyanins, flavonols, flavonones, anthraquinones, catechintannins, gallic tannins, steroids, triterpenes, saponin, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponosides and free quinones. Aqueous methanol (high polarity) allows the extraction ofmost metabolites. The best extraction yield of the three solvents is chloroform, with an extraction yield of 61.23% (for C.sempervirens) and 52.27% (for C. arizonica), followed by the hydroalcoholic solvent 33.55% and the ethereal solvent with 0.39%.
Hydroalcoholic extraction induces a very important sensitivity of P.aeruginosa, with a diameter of 16.2 mm for C. arizonica. Ethereal and chloroformic extracts induce weak inhibition. P. aeruginosais extremely sensitive to the hydroalcoholic extract fromC. sempervirens, the latter induces an inhibition zone with a diameter of 19.95 mm, which is statistically equal to that induced by Vancomycin. These results can be considered as a promising solution for the replacement of vancomycin with the hydroalcoholic extract from C.sempervirens